When a brokerage does not allow the holding of foreign currencies in registered accounts, buying and selling stocks which are traded in US dollars can be quite costly, because of the premium charged by the brokerage when the funds are converted to and from Canadian dollars. On January 14, 2008, Questrade announced in a press release that it is the first brokerage in Canada to allow registered accounts to hold US dollars. Hopefully other brokerages will be providing this option in the near future. When this option is not provided, washing trades can help save on the currency conversion costs.

Not all brokerages provide the service of washing trades, so if you are shopping for a brokerage, this is a good thing to ask about. Also ask what the difference (spread) is between their rates for converting your purchases and sales of US$ transactions to Cdn$. This will vary depending on the amount of the transaction, but it also varies between brokerages. The lower the difference, the less you will lose on US exchange.

When a person with a Canadian $ account is buying or selling securities which are traded in US$, they should ask the brokerage to wash their trades to reduce their exchange cost. When one US security is purchased, and another is sold with the same settlement date . a request can be made to the brokerage to apply the same exchange rate to both trades.

If no request is made to wash the trades, one trade will be made at the buy rate, and the other will be made at the sell rate, with a resulting cost to the investor for the conversions, as in the following example:

1. Sell US shares for $15,000 US
2. Convert to Cdn$ @1.06 (sell rate) = $15,900 Cdn
3. Purchase US shares for $15,000 US
4. Convert to Cdn$ @1.08 (buy rate) = $16,200 Cdn

Since the above trades were not washed, they have cost the investor an extra $300 Cdn.

If a request is made to wash the trades, both will be converted at the same exchange rate, as in the following example:

1. Sell US shares for $15,000 US
2. Buy US shares for $15,000 US
3. Tell brokerage to wash the trades.

The washing of the trades eliminates the $300 Cdn exchange cost.

When US stocks are bought and sold in a Cdn$ account, the trades will never be exactly the same amount, and are often made on different days. In order to eliminate the exchange cost, US money market funds can be used. A US money market fund is a fund which holds US dollars. The first time you sell an investment that is traded in US$, you should instruct your brokerage to purchase US money market funds with the proceeds. The minimum amount for the initial purchase of a US money market fund is sometimes $1,000 or more. When selling US money market funds to pay for the purchase of a US$ investment, always leave a small balance (say $1) in the money market fund in order to keep it open. This way, if you receive foreign proceeds of less than $1,000, you can purchase US money market funds.

If the trades are made on different days or for different amounts, they can be washed with US money market funds, as in the following example: